Pamela Kirkwood, D.C.

The brain is supplied by blood from two arterial sources: the paired internal carotid arteries and the paired vertebral arteries. The blood supply to brain from the carotid arteries is referred to as the anterior circulation to the brain. The blood supply to brain from the vertebral arteries is referred to as the posterior circulation to the brain.The vertebral arteries are exceptionally unique: [..]

In 1982, Richard Rothman, MD, PhD and Frederick Simeone, MD, published the second edition of their book The Spine (1). Chapter 2 of the book is titled (2): “Applied Anatomy of the Spine” Anatomist Wesley Parke, PhD, writes this chapter, stating: “Although the 23 or 24 individual motor segments must be considered in relation to [..]

Whiplash injury is an inertial mechanical injury. Consequently, chiropractors, as a consequence of the mechanical nature of their clinical practice, treat many whiplash-injured patients. Although chiropractors manage a wide range of clinical syndromes and findings, the emphasis of chiropractic clinical practice is to treat, primarily through spinal adjusting, regions of spinal hypomobility (less than normal motion). However, chiropractors [..]

Kim was only nineteen years of age, yet she had already experienced three significant motor vehicle collisions, and in each she suffered injuries. Her injuries were always painful, but never debilitating; there were no fractures, dislocations, radiculopathies, myelopathies, or instabilities. After each collision she was medically evaluated, but there were no radiographs or other types [..]

Back Pain, Acute Soft Tissue Injuries, Mobilization, & Fibromyalgia A Review Of The LiteratureMedicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Oct. 1986;18(5):489-500.John KellettFROM ABSTRACT:The pathological processes [of soft tissue injury and repair] at a cellular level are described in three phases: acute inflammatory, repair, and remodelling.The management of acute soft tissue trauma is embodied in [..]

The Potential Viability of Omega-3 Essential Fatty Acids as an Anti-Inflammatory AgentWe are going to deviate from the mechanical discussions of joint pain treatment. Usual topics such as physiotherapy, stretching, manipulation, etc… and instead we're going to discuss what looks to be a remarkably inexpensive yet potentially valuable tool in combating joint pain and inflammation.Far removed [..]

In this month's issue we're going to touch on area of patient treatment that has undergone enormous leaps and bounds in our understanding over the last decade. An area I will refer to as "Post-Traumatic Soft Tissue Injury".Even with recent breakthroughs in understanding the physiology of repair (and possibly because of these RECENT breakthroughs) there [..]

Joint Motion's Influence On…Tissue Response, Infection, Inflammation, Trauma & Healing…And The Potential Pitfalls Of Clinical Joint ImmobilizationBack in 1984, orthopedic surgeon Sir James Cyriax, MD, reviewed The Concept Of Motion in his Textbook of Orthopaedic Medicine, Diagnosis of Soft Tissue Lesions (1). In this text, Dr. Cyriax carefully noted that harmful infections create tissue destruction, resulting in inflammation.A current [..]

The primary region of the human body to be injured in a whiplash accident is the neck. The whiplash injury is an inertial injury to the neck. This means that there is no direct impact, blow, or contact to the neck. Rather, the injury is indirect, and there is no contact. Another well-known example of a neck [..]

Chiropractic Applications Janet Travell, MD, is one of the most recognized physicians of modern history. Her notoriety is attributed primarily to two events: Myofascial problems and its consequent symptoms are nearly a universal human experience. Dr. Travell was an early pioneer in understanding the science, pathophysiology, and treatment of myofascial problems. She has been referred [..]